One Community
Food Forest Root Crop Plantings
This page is our team’s research into food forest root crop plantings. It includes food forest root crops plant pictures, descriptions, cultural considerations, planting guidelines, and links to additional information. For food forest creation information visit the Food Forest Open Source Hub. The Food Forest Open Source Hub is also where you can find the results of our research into complete purchasing details for all plants listed on this page. These food forest root crop plantings could work elsewhere but were chosen primarily for USDA zone 7a-7b.
This page is divided into the following sections:
- Specific Plants for Each Food Forest Section
- Other Related Pages
- Ways to Contribute to Evolving This
- Food Forest Component Elements Overview and Planting Guidelines
- Food Forest Root Crops Planting Specifics
- Plant Providers Resource List (where to buy)
- Summary
- FAQ
CLICK IMAGES FOR PAGES WITH COMPLETE PLANT LISTS FOR THE OTHER SECTIONS
CLICK HERE FOR ALL THE PLANT PURCHASING RESEARCH
OTHER RELATED PAGES (click individual icons for complete pages)
WAYS TO CONTRIBUTE TO EVOLVING THIS SUSTAINABILITY COMPONENT WITH US
SUGGESTIONS | CONSULTING | MEMBERSHIP | OTHER OPTIONS
FOOD FOREST ELEMENTS OVERVIEW
Our complete food forest includes a symbiotic cultivation of the following 8 key areas:
Canopy, Understory, Vines, Shrubs, Herbs, Groundcover, Root Crops, and Edge Plantings.
CLICK IMAGE TO VISIT THE FOOD FOREST OPEN SOURCE HUB WITH MORE INFO
Listed below are descriptions of each of the food forest root crop plants we will be growing. Where genera are listed, it indicates that more than one species of that genus would be useful. Individual species listings indicate that the species in question has attributes of interest that are unique to the species. Those listing with a (†) indicate that these entries may be marginally adaptable onsite, and should therefore be considered experimental.
A NOTE ON PLACEMENT SPECIFICS
Placing individual species in their appropriate locations will need wait until we are on the property. We are saving this decision process until we are onsite because of the complex matrix of plant needs that must take in the specifics of the different areas of the property for maximum benefit. This includes sun and shade requirements, cold hardiness, soil and drainage preferences, ultimate size of the plant, allelopathic considerations, winter shadows, proximity to buildings or other structures, etc. These things combine to make placement a nearly case-by-case decision. In an effort to maximize the stability, beauty, productivity and self replication of the ecosystem we hope to create, we will employ (and open source share) as many of these and other design criteria as possible in the development and placement of all plantings at One Community.
CLICK THIS IMAGE TO LEARN ALL ABOUT FOOD FORESTS ON THE MAIN HUB PAGE
ROOT CROPS
Root crops are species whose main value lies in their production of root biomass. Root crops may be annuals or perennials, and shade or sun species. They can provide food in the form of an edible tuber, medicinal root, or animal forage and/or pioneering deep annual roots can be used to break up compacted soils or to stabilize newly disturbed earth. Here is the current list of planned root species for the One Community food forest:
Abronia latifolia (Sand verbena)
Abronia latifolia is one of a genus of about 30 species in the Nyctaginaceae, native to the western U.S. and Mexico. They occur on dry, sandy well drained neutral to alkaline soils or dunes, often near the ocean or bodies of water. Several species are rare or endangered. The tuberous roots were eaten by many Native American tribes. The plant also has many reported medicinal uses.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow sand verbena in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants require full sun and are intolerant of shade
- Sand verbena is drought tolerant once established
- Seed germination is improved by removing the husk
- The plants will grow in poor soils including saline soils
- Plants can be grown from seed, division, or from stored tubers
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Divisions or dormant roots can be planted where they are to grow in spring after the last frost and watered in. Seed should have the husks removed and be sown in flats. Dibble into individual cells or pots once the second pair of leaves appear, and transplant out when they have established a full root system
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Aciphylla glacialis (Mountain celery)
Aciphylla is a genus of 46 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to Australia and New Zealand. They are herbaceous dioecious perennials with tall flower spikes held above the stiff pointed leaves. The entire plant is aromatic and yields a resin used as chewing gum. The cooked roots are eaten, and the young fragrant shoots are steamed or added to soups. Aciphylla has medicinal uses.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Aciphylla in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants grow in sandy to loam soils
- Aciphylla grows in acid to basic pH
- Plants need good drainage in full sun
- Plants can tolerate some drought once established
- Both sexes must be grown together for seed production
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seedlings should be started in the greenhouse and planted out after last frost. Plants should planted in groups of five or more to ensure a mix of male and female plants. Mulch and water in well; continue with regular irrigation until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Acorus (Calamus root)
Acorus is a genus of 6 species of monocots in the Acoraceae, native to North America and eastern Asia. They are wetland species with narrow, flat, erect leaves. All parts of the plant produce fragrant oils, and the leaves were used in Europe in the Middle Ages to spread on floors and drive away fleas. The rhizomes have been used medicinally by herbalists in Europe, Asia and North America.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow calamus root in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants grow at waters edge
- Plant material sourcing is important for this species
- Acorus can be cultivated as a garden plant if the soil is kept moist
- The chemistry of the plant varies with the ploidy level of different populations
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Place the plants in moist to wet soils and mulch well. Keep soil moisture high until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Adenophora communis (Ladybells, “Nan sha shen”- TCM)
Adenophora is a genus of 69 accepted species in the Campanulaceae, native to Asia. They are tuberous-rooted herbaceous perennials; mostly winter-deciduous. The basal leaves arise from the caudex on long petioles and the flowers are borne in cymes above the foliage. The fleshy roots are cooked and eaten like parsnips, and the dried roots have medicinal uses in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Adenophora in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Mulch is very beneficial
- Plants are susceptible to slugs and snails
- Adenophora prefer some summer watering
- Adenophora grow in full sun to partial shade
- Plants like peat soils or those high in organic matter
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seeds may require stratification, or may take up to 3 months for germination in a cool (50F) greenhouse. Established seedlings or root divisions can be planted out in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Allium sp. (Onion, Garlic, Leeks, Lamps, Scallions)
Allium is a large genus of approximately 750 species of monocotyledonous herbaceous perennials in the Amaryllidaceae, native mainly to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They include the onions, garlic, chives, and leeks. Hundreds of species have been used as food, but only a handful are commercially cultivated. They are important both as foods and for their medicinal properties.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Allium in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They prefer full sun
- Good drainage is required
- Alliums grow in a wide range of soils and pH
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Mulch young transplants and irrigate deeply and infrequently.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Amphicarpa sp. (Hog peanut)
Amphicarpa is a genus of vining plants in the Leguminosae native to eastern North America and Asia. Amphicarpa bracteata or hog peanut is native to much of the Mississippi River drainage, and was eaten by many Native American tribes. The plant has trifoliate leave and white to purple flowers, followed by both aerial and hypogeal (buried beneath the soil) pods. These pods contain edible seeds.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Amphicarpa in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They can be used as living mulch
- The plants fix nitrogen and are good soil improvers
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plant is any well drained soil in light shade to full sun. Mulching young plants is highly beneficial, as this helps the flowers to burrow into the soil.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MerriamWebster.com – Amphicarpa
Anemopsis californica (Yerba mansa)
Anemopsis californica is a species of herbaceous perennial in the Saururaceae, native to the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico. The plant is a low growing herb to 1 foot; growing on land that is seasonally inundated, such as vernal pools. The plant arises from stoloniferous roots that are valued medicinally against cold and coughs, and possess antibacterial and antifungal properties.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow yerba mansa in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Seed germination is erratic
- Yerba mansa is quite drought tolerant
- The plant can grow for several days in standing water
- Severing the stolons can result in almost pure stands and colonization
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Angelica spp. (“Dang gui”- TCM)
Angelica is a genus of approximately 60 species of biennial and perennial aromatic herbs in the Apiaceae to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The plants grow 3 to 9 feet in height, and bear umbels of flowers above the foliage. These are very attractive to pollinators of many types. The underground parts of many species are used medicinally, and are candied as a treat or used to flavor food and liqueurs.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Angelica in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Some summer moisture is beneficial
- The plants prefer a fertile well drained soil
- Angelica will tolerate some drought once established
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Annesorhiza capensis (Anyswortel)
Annesorhiza is a genus of 15 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to South Africa. They are herbaceous biennials or perennials 1 to 4.5 feet in height. The leaves are compound, incised or divided, pinnatifid or pinnatisect, with flowers in umbels above the foliage. Anyswortel have fleshy tuberous roots which have been collected by indigenous people for food, and are used medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Annesorrhiza in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Supplemental irrigation increases root size
- Cultivation produces sweeter flavored roots
- The plants are drought hardy once established
- Plants are propagated from seed or root division
- Wild plants have high levels of resinous compounds
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Small plants or divisions can be planted out in spring after last frost. They should be mulched and watered in. Water when dry. Once established the plants need little care.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Anredera spp. (Invasive species in many areas – grow with caution)
Anredera is a genus of 10 or 11 species in the Basellaceae, native to the Neotropics in seasonally dry scrubland. They are evergreen vines that grow from underground tubers; they also produce aerial tubers along the stems, which drop off to form new plants. The leaves and tubers are edible, and Anredera cordifolia, can grow some 130 feet a year, with an occasional growth spurt of three feet a week.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Anredera in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- If killed by frost, they will return from the tubers
- They plants are of easy care in warm moist climates, often becoming weedy
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Tubers or small plants can be set out at the beginning of the growing season. They should be mulched and watered in well. Regular irrigation will speed growth during the summer months.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Apios americana (Potato bean)
Apios americana is a species of perennial vine in the Fabaceae, native to eastern North America. The plant bears edible beans and edible tubers, high in starch and with more protein than potatoes. They were an important food resource for many Native American tribes. There is currently work underway by Prof. Blackmon at LSU to develop the species for commercial cultivation.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Apios americana in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- High humus and regular moisture are indicated
- The plants grow in moist shady areas at forest margins and along streams
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Apios priceana (Price’s potato bean) endangered sp.
Apios priceana is a species of perennial vine in the Fabaceae, native to eastern North America. The plant bears edible beans and edible tubers, high in starch and with more protein than potatoes. The plant is only known from 25 populations in Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, and Tennessee. It is federally listed as threatened. The beans and tubers were eaten like Apios americana.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Apios priceana in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- High humus and regular moisture are indicated
- The plants grow in moist shady areas at forest margins and along streams
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Arracacia xanthorrhiza (Arracacha)
Arracacia is a genus of 39 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to North and South America. They are herbaceous perennials arising from fleshy tuberous roots. Arracacia xanthorrhiza has been cultivated in the Andes for centuries and was a staple food there together with potatoes, oca, and other root crops. The stems are eaten raw or steamed and the leaves fed to livestock.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow arracacha in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants need a long growing season
- The plant withstands some drought
- Roots must be cooked like potatoes
- Plants need less fertility than potatoes
- Harvested root must be used within a week
- Plants are susceptible to viruses which slow growth
- Tubers have high levels of carotenoids and vitamins
- Arracacia is adapted to cool high altitude conditions
- Tubers must be harvested when mature or they become woody
- Planting is done from tuber pieces of tuber, similar to potatoes
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Tuber pieces can be planted out after last frost. Water once and wait for the appearance of shoots before beginning regular watering.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Arracacia_xanthorrhiza
Asphodeline lutea (King’s spear, Asphodel)
Asphodeline is a genus of 19 accepted species in the Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to the Mediterranean and western Asia. Asphodeline lutea is a herbaceous perennial to 4 feet in height. The fragrant yellow flowers or borne on upright spikes. The roots are roasted and eaten and the flowers are added to salads. Young shoots are cooked and eaten like asparagus, and were once a popular vegetable in Europe.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow asphodel in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Propagation is by seed or division
- The plant grows in most soil types
- Asphodel grows in sun to light shade
- Production is best with some summer water
- Plants are drought tolerant once established
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Small plants or divisions may planted in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in. Maintain regular irrigation until plants establish. Do not overwater.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Astragalus (“Huang qi”- TCM)
Astragalus is a large genus of approximately 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs in the Fabaceae, native to the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Various species yield gum tragacanth, and some are used as herbal medicines. A few, known as “locoweeds” are toxic to livestock, but many more are valuable forage plants. The plants fix nitrogen, and can be useful rangeland improvement species.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Astragalus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Once established they are fairly carefree
- Astragalus generally prefer dry sandy soils
- If harvesting the root for medicinal uses wait until at least the third year
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Balsamorhiza spp. (Balsamroot)
Balsamorhiza is a genus of 14 accepted species in the Asteraceae, native to western North America. They are herbaceous winter or drought-deciduous perennials to 2 feet in height, arising from tuberous roots. The roots are edible and an important resource to many Native American people. The above ground portion is also edible, with a resinous taste that may be too strong for some. The resin is used medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow balsam root in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants establish over a period of years
- Plants require little care once established
- The young sprouting shoots in spring can be eaten raw
- Older roots get woody; these are best used medicinally
- Balsamroot will be hardy at the One Community property
- Plants are propagated from seed or from dormant root pieces
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Young seedlings can be planted out after last frost. Alternately, pieces of dormant root can be planted in early spring. Mulch is beneficial. Plants need little if any fertilizer.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Belamcanda (“She gan”- TCM)
Belamcanda was a genus of two species in the Iridaceae, native to China. It has recently been transferred to the the genus Iris, and B. chinensis is now called Iris domestica. The plant is a herbaceous perennial to 3 feet with showy red-orange flowers. The rhizome is used in China to treat a wide range of conditions. Scientific research has indicated the plant may be effective in treating enlarged prostate.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Belamcanda in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Belamcanda requires good drainage and rich soil
- The plants will grow in most temperate zone gardens
- Plants grown in infertile soils produce more medicinal compounds
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants are best placed when dormant in a sunny well drained site. When growth begins in spring, mulch well to conserve moisture, and feed occasionally with compost tea.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Berberis spp. (Barberry)
Berberis is a genus of approximately 500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs in the Berberidaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world, except Australia. They are spiny plants and can be hedged as security fencing. The berries are important wildlife food and can be eaten or made into jelly. The dried berries are also used medicinally, and the roots yield berberine, a urinary antiseptic.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Berberis in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Most species benefit from some summer water
- The plants are drought tolerant once established
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Bongardia chrysogonum
Bongardia is a genus of 2 accepted species in the Berberidaceae, native to north Africa and western Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves and a large spherical tuber. Both the leaves and tubers are edible, and are said to taste like lemons. The plant is used medicinally to treat epilepsy in the folk medicine of Jordan, and analysis has discovered several active compounds.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Bongardia in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Propagation is by seed
- Bongardia is highly drought tolerant
- Plants are intolerant of wet conditions
- Plants need a porous well-drained soil
- The species requires a hot dry summer
- The plant is rare; conservation is needed
- Bongardia is hardy, overwintering under snow
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Young plants should be planted in spring after last frost. Water in after planting and do not water again until soil is dry. Once new growth commences irrigation can be suspended.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Brachistus spp.
Brachistus is a genus of 6 accepted species in the Solanaceae, native to Latin America. They are herbaceous perennial shrubs to 3 feet in height, with greenish-brown to purple flowers in upright fascicles, and globose berry fruit. The genus was combined with Witheringia, but later resurrected. Older descriptions mention edible tubers, but modern literature does not. The plant produces medicinal compounds.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Brachistus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Propagation is by seed or cuttings
- The plants may not be hardy on site
- Plants should regrow from the tubers
- Plants prefer organic matter and mulch
- Brachistus grows in sun to partial shade
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plant in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in well. Continue regular watering until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Brachystelma glabriflorum (Bawujin)
Brachystelma is a genus of 150 accepted species in the Apocynaceae or Asclepiadoideae, native to S.E. Asia, South Africa, and Australasia. They are succulent perennials arising from an underground tuber or caudex. Bawujin are found in arid to semi-arid regions and are important food resources for many tribes in these regions. The tubers can also be used as an emergency water source and are medicinal.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Brachystelma in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants are highly drought tolerant
- Brachystelma needs little or no fertilizer
- Tubers are best harvested after the rainy season
- The above ground plant may die back but can re-sprout
- Brachystelma has a dormant period and must not be watered
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seedlings can be planted out in spring after last frost. Water in after a week and then water monthly for the first summer. Do not water in winter. After the first year the plants should require no more care.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Brodiaea (Cluster lily)
Brodiaea is a genus of 17 species of herbaceous perennials in the Asparagaceae, native to the west coast of North America, especially California. The plants arise from underground corms. These were an important food to Native Americans throughout the plants range, who dug and roasted the corms in the fall after the plants were dormant. Roasting is said to bring out their sweetness.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Brodiaea in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants benefit from some summer water, but must not be kept wet
- They should be allowed to dry completely in late summer prior to the dormant period
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation should continue until mid-summer.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Bunium (Earth chestnut)
Bunium is a genus of 50 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native to Eurasia. They are herbs 1 to 3 feet in height, arising from taproots or small tubers. These plants are edible and were commonly cultivated as food in the Middle Ages before being superseded by the potato. The seeds of some Bunium species are also used as spices, and the leaves as strong-flavored greens.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Bunium in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants grow in any garden soils
- Organic matter is beneficial, as well as supplemental water during hot dry weather
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Bunium bulbocastanum
Calochortus (Mariposa lily)
Calochortus is a genus of approximately 70 species of bulbous herbaceous perennials in the Liliaceae, native to western North America to Guatemala. The plants grow to 1 foot from the underground bulb. The bulbs of many species were eaten by Native Americans, and also by Mormon colonizers in Utah in their first years there after a series of crop failures. Calochortus nuttallii is the Utah state flower.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Calochortus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They are generally carefree
- The dormant bulbs are planted in fall, and begin growth in the spring
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Camassia (Quamash, Camas)
Camassia is a genus of 6 species of bulbous herbaceous perennials in the Asparagaceae, native to western North America. The plants arise from underground bulbs 1 to 4 feet in height. These were an important food to Native Americans throughout the plants range, who dug the bulbs in the fall after the plants were dormant and roasted or boiled them. Roasted bulbs are said to resemble sweet potatoes.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Camassia in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Bulbs do best in a well drained soil high in humus
- The bulb naturalizes in gardens, regenerating from seed
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Bulbs should be planted in Autumn. Established beds can be divided in Autumn for harvesting or propagation.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Canna (Canna Lily)
Canna is a genus of 19 species in the Cannaceae. It is the sole genus in that family, native to the warm parts of the New World. They are herbaceous perennials, dying back to the rhizomes in colder climates. Cultivated extensively as a food crop by the Andean civilizations, the rhizomes are a starchy vegetable, and the young shoots are eaten as greens.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Canna in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Cannas should be planted in a sunny spot sheltered from wind
- They like warmth, moisture and fertility during the growing season
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear. When growth dies down in fall, top up mulch to overwinter and stop water until spring growth appears.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Codonopsis spp. (“Dang shen”-TCM)
Codonopsis is a genus of 55 species of herbaceous perennial in the Campanulaceae, native to eastern Asia. They are generally 1-2 feet tall, and spread out to 6 feet wide, often by twining stems. The showy bell-shaped flowers have caused the plant to become widely planted in Europe and the U.S. as an ornamental. The carrot-like roots are eaten, and are a valued tonic herb in TCM.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Codonopsis in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Codonopsis benefit from mulch
- In hot dry climates the plants do best in partial shade
- They benefit from supplemental irrigation during the summer months
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Conanthera (Pajarito del campo)
Conanthera is a genus of 5 species of bulbous herbaceous perennials in the Tecophilaeaceae, native to Chile and Peru. The plants to 1 foot in height arise from the bulbs in spring. The bulbs are eaten in their native range and said to be delicious, boiled or roasted like potatoes. The plants should be kept dry when dormant, since they come from a summer rainfall/dry winter climate.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Conanthera in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants need full sun
- They should be covered during winter with rain protection to keep the bulbs dry
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Dormant bulbs should be planted i spring and watered deeply but infrequently until growth appears. Cease water when plants go dormant and keep dry through winter.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dahlia spp. (Chichipatl, Cocoxochitl)
Dahlia is a genus of 36 species of bushy tuberous herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, native from Mexico to Colombia. They have been cultivated for centuries, as they were favorite flowers of the Aztecs and other pre-Columbian civilizations. The starchy tubers were used as a vegetable or dried and made into flour. The Mesoamerican cultures also used the plant medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Dahlia in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants in colder climates should be mulched heavily in fall to keep the tuber from freezing
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be mulch and watered in well. Supplemental water during the growing season is beneficial.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dioscorea (Yam)
Dioscorea is a genus of 600 species of vining perennials in the Dioscoreaceae, native to tropical to warm temperate regions worldwide. They are mainly dioecious, but a few species are monoecious. The vines arise from the underground tubers, which if not harvested, can reach enormous size. The tubers are eaten and are also used medicinally, yielding steroidal saponins that have estrogenic properties.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow yam in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Mulch helps conserve moisture
- The vines should sprout within 1-2 weeks
- The tubers can be planted during the growing season
- Vines go dormant in the dry/cold season, and sprout again in the spring
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Echinacea sp. (Kansas snakeroot, Purple coneflower)
Echinacea is a genus of 9 species of herbaceous perennial in the Asteraceae, native to eastern North America. The roots of the plant, and to a lesser extent the above-ground portion, have been used for centuries as a general tonic and immune system stimulant. Chemical analysis has shown three compound groups – phenols, alkamides and polysaccharides – that may explain the medicinal action of Echinacea.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Echinacea in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Echinacea requires well drained soil
- The plants die back to the root each fall
- The plants are drought tolerant once established, due to the deep tap roots
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Eleutherococcus spp. (Siberian ginseng, “Ciwujia”- TCM)
Eleutherococcus is a genus of 38 species of shrubs or small trees in the Araliaceae, native to eastern Asia. They range from 8 to 30 feet in height, and are often armed with thorns. The roots are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat fatigue, and as an immune tonic; they contain compounds named eleutherosides. The leaves and young buds are collected from the forest as a vegetable.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Eleutherococcus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plant is adaptable to many soil types
- Mulch and summer irrigation are beneficial
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Eustrephus (Wombat berry)
Eustrephus is a monotypic genus variously placed in the Luzuriagaeceae, Philesiaceae or Asparagaceae, native to Australia. It is a twining herbaceous perennial vine found in open forests or at the edge of woodlands. The orange berries and small tubers are edible, and have been used by aboriginal groups. The species is receiving attention currently as part of Australia’s “bushfoods” movement.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Eustrephus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants need good drainage
- They are somewhat drought tolerant
- The plant is native to regions with a dry season
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Ferula (Asafoetida)
Ferula is a genus of approximately 170 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native to temperate zones of the Mediterranean to central Asia. They are robust upright stalked herbs 3 to 12 feet in height, with yellow flowers in umbels above the foliage. The plants yield resins or gums from the roots which are used as spices such as asafoetida and galbanum. Many species are used for medicinal purposes.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Ferula in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They require good drainage
- They are not particular to soil types
- Plants grow in Mediterranean climates, so should be drought tolerant
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Deep infrequent irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Fockea (Bergbaroe, Kambro)
Fockea is a genus of 6 accepted species variously assigned to the Asclepiadaceae or the Apocynaceae, native to southern Africa. They are vining dioecious perennial plants arising from a large underground tuber. The tuber has been eaten by African peoples after special preparation to remove bitter compounds. During severe droughts the plant will die back, but resumes growth with rains.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Fockea in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants require good drainage
- Plants can grow in sun or partial shade
- Plants should be kept dry during cold winter weather
- The tuber must always remain shaded underground exposed tubers quickly sunburn
- The plants are adapted to very dry conditions, storing moisture in their large tubers
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Small plants can be planted out during warm weather. They will grow faster with supplemental water during the heat of summer, but stop water at summers end.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Geitnoplesium cyamosum (Scrambling lily)
Geitnoplesium is a monotypic genus that has been variously placed in the Hemerocallidaceae, Smilacaceae or Philesiaceae, native to Australia. It is a scrambling vine in forests or along watercourses to 12 feet in height, with narrow lanceolate leaves and pendant white flowers. The new shoots are eaten like asparagus, and the tubers may be edible, similar to the related Eustrephus latifolius.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Geitnoplesium in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Geitnoplesium need steady moisture
- They will grow in full sun to partial shade
- The plants grow in a wide range of soil types and pH
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be mulched after planting and watered until signs of new growth appear. Some winter protection may be necessary for the first few winters.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Glycine tabacina (Pea glycine, Slender sweetroot)
Glycine tabacina is a perennial species in the Fabaceae, native to Australia. It is a twining plant growing in grasslands in semi-arid to high rainfall regions, and is related to soybean, Glycine max. The plants fix nitrogen and are palatable forage for wildlife and livestock. The young tuberous roots were eaten by aboriginal people; older roots become woody, but were chewed for their licorice-like taste.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Glycine tabacina in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Rhizobium inoculation is beneficial
- Seeds germinate best after hot water treatment
- They can be direct seeded, or sprouted in the nursery
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be seeded or transplanted after last frost. Once plants are growing, mulch and give occasional deep watering.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Glycyrrhiza spp. (Licorice, “Gan cao”- TCM)
Glycyrrhiza is a genus of 18 species in the Fabaceae, native to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. They are generally plants to 3 feet in height with pinnate leaves, and purple to white flowers in inflorescences. The fruit is a pod 1 inch long containing several seeds. The stoloniferous roots produce the flavoring known as licorice, and has a sweet taste due to the compound glycyrrizin.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Glycyrrhiza in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants like full sun and deep, well drained soils
- The roots are harvested in the second or third year
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Helianthus maximiliani (Maximilian’s sunflower)
Helianthus maximiliani is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America. It is a robust branching perennial from 2 to 8 feet in height, belonging to the Asteraceae. It produces an edible tuber, similar to the closely related jerusalem artichoke. These were gathered by many eastern tribes. There has been work done at The Land Institute to develop this species into a perennial oilseed crop.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Helianthus maximiliani in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- After establishment, they are largely care free
- Young plants should be mulched in dry climates for the first year
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants prefer a well drained location, but are not particular to soils.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Helianthus_maximiliani
Helianthus tuberosus (Sunchoke, Jerusalem artichoke)
Helianthus tuberosus is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America. It is a robust branching perennial from 2 to 8 feet in height, belonging to the Asteraceae. It produces an edible tuber, known as sunchoke or jerusalem artichoke. These were gathered by many eastern tribes. The species has been widely cultivated in the former Soviet Union as a backup in case the potato crop fails.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Sunchoke in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- After establishment, they are largely care free
- Young plants should be mulched in dry climates for the first year
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants prefer a well drained location, but are not particular to soils.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Jerusalem_artichoke
Heracleum spp. (Cow parsnip)
Heracleum is a genus of 74 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are robust herbaceous perennials to 6 feet in height. Cow parsnip is edible and was once a staple in Slavic countries. The young stems are cooked; older stems are peeled first. The leaves are lacto-fermented in brine, the seeds are used as a spice, and the roots are edible. The plant has many medicinal uses.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow cow parsnip in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants grow in partial shade to full sun
- Plants will be hardy at the One Community property
- The plants grow in most soil with a wide range of pH
- Propagation is by seed sown in spring or root division in fall
- Heracleum contains furocoumarins that can irritate the skin of some people
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Young seedlings can be planted out after last frost. Alternately, pieces of dormant root can be planted in early spring. Mulch is beneficial. Plants need little if any fertilizer.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Leuzea carthamoides (Maral root)
Leuzea carthamoides is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Asteraceae, native to central Asia. The species was formerly known as Rhaponticum carthamoides. The plant reaches 4 feet in height, and has purple thistle-like flowers at the ends of the upright stems. The roots are used medicinally throughout the plants range as a general tonic and immune booster, similar to the use of Panax ginseng in China.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Leuzea in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants grow in deep, well drained soils in full sun
- They benefit from some supplemental water in summer
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Plants should be kept moist until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Rhaponticum carthamoides
Lilium (Lily)
Lilium is a genus of 110 species of bulbous herbaceous perennials in the Liliaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Old World and North America. They are large herbs from 2 to 6 feet in height, arising from the bulbs. These bulbs are a prized vegetable in parts of Asia, where they are grown on a large scale. They are eaten in summer in China as a health food.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Lilium in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Good drainage is essential
- Many lilies prefer neutral to acid soils
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plant the dormant bulbs in fall or early spring. Once growth has commenced, mulch is beneficial to conserve moisture.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Microseris spp. (Yam daisy)
Microseris is a genus of approximately 14 species of herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, widely distributed on most continents. Some of the Australian species have tuberous roots, which were an important food of the aboriginal people. Introduced livestock has nearly eradicated the plants. The tubers were formerly collected and roasted in earthen pits, and were said to have the taste of coconut.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Microseris in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants can withstand drought as they are dormant for much of the dry season
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Young transplants should be mulched and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation while the plant is actively growing should be sufficient. Do not water while dormant.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Panax (Ginseng)
Panax is a genus of 11 species of herbaceous perennials in the Araliaceae, native to eastern Asia except for one species, P. quinquefolius, native to southeastern North America. The plants grow 6 to 18 inches tall and have compound leaves of three to five leaflets. The fruit is a red berry borne in clusters. Ginseng root is white, carrot-shaped, and fleshy. They take three to five years to reach medicinal maturity.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow ginseng in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Panax grow in shaded woodland conditions in temperate climates
- Commercial growers have imitated conditions by using shade cloth in open fields
- The plants require some supplemental irrigation during the summer if there is no rain
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Occasional irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear. Plants go dormant in fall and winter, leafing out in spring and early summer.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Peucedanum spp. (Masterwort, “Qian hu” – TCM)
Peucedanum is a genus of 64 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native mainly to temperate regions of Eurasia and Africa and also occasionally in the tropics e.g. Cameroon and Hawaii each have endemic species. They are large herbs to 6 feet, with greenish yellow flowers in umbels above the foliage. The roots of some are eaten and they are also used medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Peucedanum in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They grow in partial shade, often at forest margins
- Some species tolerate seasonal inundation by suppressing competing species
- The plants are often found along water courses, and should be given a moist site
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be mulched and watered in well.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple)
Podophyllum peltatum is a monotypic genus placed variously in the berberidaceae or Podophyllaceae, native to shady woodlands in the S.E. United States. It is a deciduous herbaceous perennial arising from a creeping rhizomatous rootstock. The fleshy fruits are edible although not highly flavored, and the roots yield a resin that is manufactured into cancer treatments and medicines to remove warts.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow mayapple in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants prefer woodland soils
- The plants require partial shade
- Propagation is by seed or rhizome division
- There are distinct chemotypes within the species
- Podophyllum will tolerate dry period if well mulched
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seedlings can be planted in spring after last frost; rhizome divisions can be planted in fall. Mulch all planting thoroughly and water in well.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Podophyllum_peltatum
Polygala (Milkwort, “Yuan zhi”- TCM)
Polygala is a genus of 500-600 species of annual and perennial plants, shrubs, vines and trees in the Polygalaceae. They are native to tropical to temperate zones worldwide. Many species are used in herbal medicine, e.g. Polygala senega or Seneca snakeroot is harvested in the eastern U.S and shipped to Europe for use in cough syrups, etc. Many medicinal compounds are known from the genus.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Polygala in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants will grow in full sun to partial shade
- For medicinal use, the plants should be at least four years old
- Seeds of many Polygala species require stratification or other pretreatment
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Goa bean, Winged bean)
Psophocarpus is a genus of 10 accepted species in the Fabaceae, native to Africa and Asia. They are vining herbaceous perennials often grown as annuals. The distinctive pods have four winged rachis lengthwise. All parts of the plant are edible and nutritious; being high in protein, vitamins, and oil. There is great variability in the plant, so varietal selection will be important to identify productive types.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Goa bean in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Seeds germinate within a week
- Vines are vigorous and need support
- Some varieties do not produce tubers
- The vines fix nitrogen and improve soil
- Some varieties are day-length sensitive
- Unsupported vines can form a living mulch
- Plants are grown from seed or re-sprout from unharvested tubers
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seeds can be sown where they will grow or germinated indoors and transplanted out after last frost. The plants should be mulched and watered in well. Maintain irrigation through dry spells.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Psoralea spp. (Breadroot, Prairie turnip)
Psoralea is a genus of 94 accepted species of short lived herbaceous perennials in the Fabaceae, native to arid regions of Eurasia, North America and southern Africa. They generally range from 1 to 3 feet in height, with compound pinnate leaves and purple flowers. Some species are harvested for their starchy edible tubers; other are used medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Psoralea in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Some species are toxic to livestock
- The plants grow in areas with a dry season
- They are not particular as to soil provided it is well drained
- They should be drought tolerant at the One Community site
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be mulched and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation during the summer months may speed growth and establishment.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Rhodiola (Rose root, “Hong jing tian”- TCM)
Rhodiola is a genus of 61 accepted species in the Crassulaceae, native to subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are dioecious herbs to 1.5 feet with clusters of yellow flowers on the tops of the multiple stems, arising directly from the roots. the roots are valued in herbal medicine as a panacea. Over 140 compounds have been identified from the roots. The stems and leaves are sometimes eaten.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Rhodiola in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Seed must undergo stratification
- Rhodiola must be grown in full sun
- Seed must be kept moist for germination to occur
- They withstand cold and some drought once established
- The roots should be at least three years old before harvesting for medicinal use
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Seedlings should be planted in full sun in a well drained soil. In dry climates mulch may be beneficial. Irrigate sparingly.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Scutellaria spp. (Skullcap, “Huang qin”- TCM)
Scutellaria is a genus of approximately 350 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants in the Lamiaceae, native to temperate to subtropical regions worldwide. Plants range from 2 inches to 3 feet in height, with square stems and opposite leaves. The flowers have an upper and lower lip, and a typical shield on the calyx that gives the genus its common name of “skullcap”. Many species are used medicinally.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Scutellaria in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants grow in partial shade to full sun
- They grow in a wide range of soils and pH
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Smilax sp. (Sarsaparilla)
Smilax is a genus of approximately 350 species of twining dioecious vines in the Smilacaceae, native to temperate to tropical regions worldwide. They occur under trees or at forest edges, rising from rhizomatous rootstocks. These rootstocks are the source of sarsaparilla flavoring, and yield a medicinal herb used as a tonic, and to treat premenstrual syndrome. The roots yield a number of phytosterols.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Smilax in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Smilax will grow in most soils, from full sun to partial shade
- They benefit from mulch and supplemental water in the summer months
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Sphenostylis spp. (African yam bean)
Sphenostylis is a genus of 7 species in the Leguminosae, native to tropical and southern Africa. They are prostrate, twining or erect perennial herbs or subshrubs, arising from tuberous roots. They may be drought deciduous, but leaf out again with rain. The roots, seeds and flowers of some species are all eaten. In Africa there are a number of cultivated forms, the tubers are also collected from wild plants.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Sphenostylis in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants should be mulched to conserve moisture
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Mulch after planting and water in well. Infrequent deep irrigation during the growing season is beneficial.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Stachys affinis (Crosnes, Chinese artichoke)
Stachys affinis is a species of herbaceous perennial in the Lamiaceae, native to Asia. It is grown as a root vegetable in many parts of Asia, and was brought to Europe in the 19th century. It became popular with the French, who called it crosnes and served it steamed with a variety of sauces. In Japan the small white tubers are dyed with Perilla leaves to make chorogi. Tubers are also eaten raw.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Crosnes in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants like a rich well drained soil in full sun to partial shade
- Tubers are best harvested after the foliage dies back with the first frost
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Thysanotus tuberosus (Common fringe-lily)
Thysanotus tuberosus is a species of herbaceous perennial in the Asparagaceae endemic to Australia. It occurs in dry forest, heath lands, or open meadows; from semi-arid to subtropical rainforest. The plant has narrow upright leaves round in cross section near the top, and showy purple flowers with frilled petals. The leaves arise from the edible tubers. They have a crisp texture.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Thysanotus in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- They can grow in sun or partial shade
- Thysanotus are very adaptable to various soils and pH
- They need little water, although they can tolerate seasonally heavy rains
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Small seedlings should be mulched after new growth commences to conserve moisture.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Thysanotus_tuberosus
Trachymene incisa (Wild parsnip)
Trachymene incisa is a species of herbaceous perennial in the Apiaceae, native to eastern Australia. It grows in sclerophyll forests and persists in meadows after forest removal. The plant grows to 2 feet in height, with lobed and dissected leaves arising from a deep fleshy tap root. The flowers are in umbels held above the foliage. The roots were cooked in earth ovens by aboriginal people.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Trachymene incisa in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Wild parsnip prefer sandy soils
- They should be started indoors
- Plants can grow in sun or partial shade
- They should be transplanted when young to avoid becoming pot bound
- The species is one of very few edible plants that grows well beneath eucalyptus
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Mulch the planting bed, and give some extra water during hot weather.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Triteleia (Tripletlily, Ithuriel’s spear)
Triteleia is a genus of approximately 20 species of herbaceous perennials in the Asparagaceae, native to the western North America, especially California, through Guatemala. The plants arise from underground corms. These were an important food to Native Americans throughout the plants range, who dug and roasted the corms in the fall after the plants were dormant. Roasting is said to bring out their sweetness.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Triteleia in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Plants benefit from some summer water, but must not be kept wet
- They should be allowed to dry completely in late summer prior to the dormant period
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation should continue until mid-summer.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Withania spp. (Ashwaganda)
Withania is a genus of 23 species of herbs and shrubs in the Solanaceae, native to Macaronesia, the Mediterranean and North Africa, and the Middle East. They rarely exceed 2 feet in height. The leaves, roots and berries are used medicinally for a wide variety of ailments, and the berries are used as a rennet in cheese making. The plant is widely cultivated in its native areas for these uses.
PLACEMENTS
We will grow Withania in any suitable location.*
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
- The plants can tolerate drought once established
- In hot desert climates, mulch is beneficial, and supplemental water
PLANTING GUIDELINES
Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wikipedia – Withania sominifera
CLICK IMAGES FOR PAGES WITH COMPLETE PLANT LISTS FOR THE OTHER SECTIONS
WHERE TO PURCHASE ALL PLANTS
Here are the results of our research for purchasing all food forest and outdoor plants. Unlike everything we will be growing in the aquapini and walipini structures and large-scale garden, we did not price out each individual plant listed here because we wish to wait for the specific planting plan that will be developed throughout the first year of the living on the property; a planting plan that may evolve this list significantly. We did, however, complete sufficient research so that anyone wishing to purchase any of the plants currently listed above will can do so.
We use the following key for all of the plant providers listed below. To jump directly to what you seek, use your browser’s Find Function and remember to put the parenthesis around the letter code for the category you are looking for. Here are the abbreviations with short descriptions of all the categories you will find:
(A) = APPLES
Apples will be an important component of One Community’s Food Forest. We will work to achieve maximum diversity of this important fruit. Any provider listed with an “(A)” is a good source to support anyone interested in growing a diversity of apples.
(B) = BIODIVERISTY
Websites listed with “(B)” are sources of plants that are of interest to our open source Botanical Garden model and the preservation of biodiversity. Look to these sources if you are interested in the preservation of biodiversity too.
(Bb) = BAMBOO
Bamboo has a broad diversity of uses. Any providers listed with a “(Bb)” offer bamboo plants.
(G) = GARLIC
Garlic is food, medicine, flavoring…an essential plant to any community. Mmmm…garlic!
(M) = MEDICINAL
Websites listed with “(M)” are sources of plant with a history of medicinal use.
(O) = ORCHARD
“(O)” providers are website sources of fruits that will be cultivated in mixed polyculture orchards at One Community.
(Tp) = TROPICALS
Providers listed with a “(TP)” provide plants that, in our case, will be limited to the Aquapini/Walapini/Zenapini structures. They may be fruit, medicinal, culinary, etc.
(Tr) – TREES
“(Tr)” providers supply trees for Community forest plantings.
(V) = VEGETABLES
Providers listed with a “(V)” are sites and sources of seeds and plants that will be grown in the community’s food gardens.
(W) = WILD FOODS
Providers listed with a “(W)” are website sources of plant that will be components of Zone 3 and beyond; food plant that do not require much tending or cultivation.
PLANT PROVIDERS
www.sacredsucculents.com (B) (G) (M) (Tr) (V) (W)
Ben Kamm’s collection of useful species includes much more than succulent genera, including California natives, Chilean species, wild food plants, and many little-known or hard to find medicinal plants. Many offerings are available nowhere else. Most have provenance data, describing where they were collected, ecotype, uses, etc. An excellent resource. Limited volume, most propagules are sold out early in the season.
www.centuryfarmorchards.com (A) (O)
Century Farm Orchards is a small commercial nursery dedicated to preserving and disseminating the apple collection of Lee Calhoun, who spent decades locating old apples of the American South. They are the only commercial source for many of these varieties. Not all varieties are propagated for sale every year, so it is advisable to contact them to place orders early. Their web site has excellent descriptions of these apples, their origins, flavors, keeping qualities etc.
www.ars.usda.gov (A) (O)
The National Agricultural Research Service is a department of the USDA. The center at Geneva, New York is associated with Cornell University, and is the repository of the nations collections of apple, grape, and tart cherry varieties. Nearly 7000 apples are maintained here, and are used in breeding programs. Small amounts of dormant budwood are available for many varieties. An important global resource.
www.tropicalfruitforum.com (M) (Tp)
This chat board is one of the best resources for anyone interested in growing tropical or subtropical fruit. Its worldwide membership includes plant breeders, backyard growers, commercial orchardists etc. They have an exchange page where members can buy, sell and trade from their collections. There are many varieties and species held among the membership that are not available from commercial sources.
www.colecionandofrutas.org (M) (Tp)
This is the website of Helton Josue, a Brazilian scientist whose passion for preserving the wild food plants of his region of Brazil has led him to collect and share a wide range of species that are unavailable elsewhere, several are species new to science and have not been formally described. He makes small lots of seed available as they ripen.
www.ecoseeds.com (M) (V) (W)
This is the website of the Redwood City Seed Company, one of the original heirloom seed sellers. Since 1972 Craig and Sue Dremenn have introduced hundreds of valuable varieties of garden vegetables to American gardeners.
www.jlhudsonseeds.net (B) (M) (Tr) (W)
Founded in 1911, J.L. Hudson, Seedsman has for over the last 30 years been operated by David Theodoropolos and Sherri Calkins who are committed to the motto “Preservation through dissemination” Their catalog is always a fascinating read, describing the history, biology, ethnobotany, chemistry etc. for many of the hundreds of species offered. A pioneering company, worthy of support.
www.4everseeds.com (M) (V) (W)
Source of heirloom seeds, wild food seeds, and dye plant seeds. They also market a hand operated oilseed press.
Offers over 600 varieties of heirloom tomatoes.
www.seedsavers.org (M) (V) (W)
Founded in 1975 by Kent Whealy and his family to share some of his own family’s heirloom garden seeds, SSE has grown into the largest grassroots seed preservation organization in the country. Access is by membership. They maintain a demonstration farm in Decorah Iowa and in addition to several thousand varieties of vegetables, they also have a Heritage Orchard of some 400 regional apple varieties, and 360 varieties of grape varieties from the famous grape breeder Elmer Swenson.
www.sandhillpreservation.com (V)
A real family farm, the Sandhill Preservation Center maintains hundreds of vegetable and grain varieties, as well as poultry breeds. They also have an extensive collection of sweet potato varieties and will share their techniques for successfully growing them in colder northern climates.
www.oikostreecrops.com (Tr) (W)
Sells seedlings of many temperate zone food forest species. has a particularly good selection of oaks, both timber and acorn types.
www.lawyernursery.com (M) (Tr) (W)
Wholesale nursery offering tree and shrubs seedlings and bulk seed of many common species to forestry projects and revegetation projects. Also fruit tree rootstocks in bulk and at good prices.
www.ediblelandscaping.com (M) (O) (Tr) (V) (W)
Good varietal selection of many standard and unusual food perennials.
www.bonitafruittrees.com (O) (Tp)
Extensive collection of subtropical and deciduous fruit trees.
www.rollingrivernursery.com (O) (Tr)
Fruit and nut tree nursery.
Main producer of avocado, citrus and subtropical fruit trees for commercial California groves.
Source of many rare tropical fruit tree species. Based in Hawaii but ships in bulk to Excalibur Nursery in Florida.
www.dnagardens.com (V) (W)
Canadian nursery that is the licensed propagator for the new “Ben” series of black currants.
Canadian vegetable seed supplier.
Nursery specializing in the production of trees inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungi producing black and white truffles. The mycelia web in forest ecosystems is an important design element in evolving a food forest, as many tree species are benefitted by mycorrhizal association with certain fungal symbionts.
www.filareefarm.com (G) (V)
Seed garlic and potatoes.
www.hoodrivergarlic.com & www.thegarlicstore.com & www.greenmountaingarlic.com (G)
Seed garlic providers.
www.garlicfarm.ca & www.rasacreekfarm.com & www.snoetic.ca (G)
Canadian source of seed garlic.
www.richters.com (M) (V)
Canadian company offering medicinal plants and culinary herbs, either live plants or seeds. An excellent resource for the herb garden.
www.companionplants.com (M) (W)
Herbs, medicinals, culinary and dye plants and seeds.
www.yerbabuenanursery.com (B) (M) (W)
A significant percent of California native plants were used medicinally and this provider specializes in them and supplies information on traditional medicinal usage.
Nursery supplying ginseng rootlets for planting as well as bloodroot.
www.rareplantnursery.net (M) (V)
Herb and garden plant nursery. A few vegetable and fruit plants as well.
www.healingspiritplants.com (M)
California-based collection of medicinal plants. They list many rare species not widely available.
Florida-based nursery offering many uncommon subtropical herbs.
www.plantdelights.com (M) (W)
Texas nursery offering a wide variety of unusual plants including medicinal, food, bee pasture etc.
www.arneherbs.co.uk (M) (W)
UK source for over 900 herbs and wildflowers. Unknown if they ship outside the UK.
Massachusetts nursery dedicated to the reservation of at-risk medicinal plants.
Oregon nursery with a range of culinary and medicinal herbs.
www.mountaingardensherbs.com (M) (W)
Herbalists that offer workshops in Chinese herb cultivation, harvesting, processing and use. Grow a wide range of TCM herbs offered as seed and plants. Have a number of herbs unavailable elsewhere in North America.Also offers wild food plant of both the eastern U.S and a collection od ‘sansai’ – traditional wild mountain vegetables of Japan.
www.blackfootnativeplants.com (M) (W)
Montana nursery specializing in plants native to the bioregion including wild food and medicinal species.
www.silverhillseeds.co.za (B) (M) (W)
Seed company in South Africa offering a wide range of S.A natives including wild food and medicinal species. Seed is mainly collected from wild stands. Valuable source of some species unavailable outside Africa.
www.hawaiiantropicalplants.com (M) (Tp)
This Hawaiian nursery has some rare tropical medicinals, including yoco and cultivars of kava.
www.treefrogfarm.com (M) (W)
Pacific Northwest natives nursery including medicinal and wild food species.
www.horizonherbs.com (M) (W)
Since 1985 Richo Cech and his family have been collection growing and using plants on their Oregon farm. They offer a wide range of vegetable, culinary and medicinal seeds, roots and tubers.
www.heritageflowerfarm.com (B) (M)
Wide range of perennials, some with medicinal properties although this may not be noted on the website.
www.forestfarm.com (M) (Tr) (W)
Large wholesale nursery of tree shrub and fruit tree stock.
www.rareplantresearch.com (B) (M) (W)
Offering a selection of mostly tender arid-zone species with a particularly good collection of Burseraceae.
www.richardlyonsnursery.com (Tp)
Nursery offering mainly subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs including some rarities.
www.msknursery.com (B) (M) (Tr) (W)
Wide selection of trees shrubs and perennial including some rarities.
www.nolinnursery.com (O) (Tr)
Nut trees, persimmons, and pawpaws.
www.wagonwheelorchard.com (A) (O)
Offering over 1,000 apple varieties as benchgrafts.
www.justfruitsandexotics.com (O) (W)
Good varietal selection of many unusual fruits.
www.kuffelcreek.com (A) (O)
California nursery offering low-chill apple varieties for mild winter climates.
www.sunscapes.net (B) (M) (W)
Colorado nursery offering mostly drought tolerant perennials.
Baker Creek Seeds is an heirloom vegetable seed company offering a wide range of varieties.
California heirloom seed company offering organic seed for over 1600 varieties of vegetable,grain, herb and cover crop seed.
Heirloom vegetable, herb, grain seeds.
www.seedsofchange.com (M) (V)
Offering vegetable, herb and flower seed.
Maine company offering short-season and greenhouse adapted vegetable seed and berry plants. www.kitazawaseed.com (V)
Seed company offering a wide range of Asian vegetables, especially leafy greens. Lists species that are difficult to find elsewhere; pickling melon, water pepper, perilla, water dropwort, etc.
www.vermontbean.com (V) (G)
Seed company offering heirloom and open-pollinated vegetable seed, garlic and berry plants.
www.noursefarms.com (V) (O)
Since 1932, Nourse farms has been a supplier of cane berry, strawberry, rhubarb and asparagus plants.
www.agroforestry.co.uk (M) (W)
UK based company offering an extensive range of edible and medicinal temperate trees shrubs and perennials.
www.badgersett.com (Tr) (W)
Minnesota nursery and private research organization developing nut trees. Offering chestnuts hazels, hickories and pecans. Bred especially to withstand colder climates.
www.csr-inc.com (M) (W)
Conservation Seeding and Restoration Inc. is a seed company and nursery offering seed mixes and native plant revegetation services for the mountain west. Their species list includes wild food plants and medicinal species.
www.permaculturenursery.com (M) (W)
Offering some unusual edible perennials, including Phaseolus polystachyos, a perennial bean species.
www.onegreenworld.com (M) (O) (W)
Wide selection of edible species for temperate climates.
Gary Nabham’s pioneering organization dedicated to preserving the food plants of Native American cultures in the Sonoran Desert region.
Fruit tree nursery specializing in heirloom fruit varieties.
www.tierramadrefarm.com (A) (O)
Offers a wide range of temperate fruit trees. Has a particularly nice collection of of European pear varieties.
www.oldvaapples.com (A) (O)
Fruit tree nursery with a focus on the heritage apples of Virginia. Many unique varieties.
www.arboreumco.com (A) (O)
California nursery offering many rare and heirloom fruit varieties. One of the only sources of improved cultivars of tecojote (Crataegus mexicana).
Located in Puerto Rico, Montoso Gardens supplies many rare tropical fruit trees and seeds from their collection.
www.organicfarm.net (Tp)
Also in Puerto Rico, Sadhu Govardhan has an extensive collection of tropical fruit and food trees. He sell seeds and plants.
One of the largest collection of banana varieties available for sale. Rooted corms or tissue culture.
www.floridahillnursery.com (M) (Tp)
Located in Orlando Florida, they have an extensive collection of banana and pineapple varieties reproduced via tissue culture. Also other tropical ornamentals and gingers.
www.excaliburfruittrees.com (Tp)
Florida nursery offering a wide selection of tropical and subtropical fruiting plants. Has a good selection of jackfruit varieties.
www.desertsurvivors.org (M) (W)
Southern Arizona native plant nursery. Lists some rare desert edible and medicinal species.
Medicinal herb nursery.
www.australianplants.com (Bb) (W)
Located in Southern California, they offer a range of hard-to-find Australian and South African species for xeriscaping and mediterranean gardens.
www.bamboogarden.com (Bb) (W)
Oregon nursery specializing in bamboo.
www.bamboodirect.com (Bb) (W)
Oregon nursery specializing in bamboo.
www.bamboosourcery.com (Bb) (W)
California nursery specializing in bamboo.
www.walkeravenuenursery.com (Bb) (M) (W)
California nursery specializing in aquatic and bog plants including many edible and medicinal species.
www.raintreenursery.com (Bb) (M) (Tr) (V)
Located in Morton Washington, they offer fruit trees, nut trees, berries, vines, citrus, subtropicals, rootstocks, mushrooms and ornamentals.www.burntridgenursery.com (Bb) (Tr)
Located in the foothills of the Cascade mountains. Specialize in unusual and disease resistant trees, vines, and shrubs that produce edible nuts or fruits. Has Northwest native plants and ornamental and useful landscape trees.
SUMMARY
Through applied permaculture principles and proper stewardship it is possible to turn almost any piece of land into an abundant and thriving forest of food. As part of One Community’s Highest Good of All philosophy, and open source botanical garden model, we will be open source sharing our afforestation/reforestation experience as we create our food forest on the One Community property. This process will continue indefinitely and we will keep on-going records of this transformation through detailed notes and time-lapse videos (covering years of development) that we will add to this page as they are completed.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Q: How do you intend to evolve this page?
Part of One Community’s Highest Good of All philosophy is open source sharing the complete details of what is possible with a food forest. Through our open source botanical garden model we will accession all plants on the property and entering the property and then keep detailed records of:
- Planting guidelines for each plant
- Cultural considerations for each plant
- Which plants do best in each of the different zones
- Harvest numbers and details on how to improve harvest volume
- The visual transformation of the property using carefully planned and maintained time-lapse photography
All of these details will be added and updated on this page indefinitely along with answers to questions raised by visitors to the property and this site.
Q: What if I have a suggestion for that I feel would be valuable to add to this page?
Please submit it to us using our Suggestions Page. There are also always positions open to join our team as either a Consultant or Pioneer.
Q: Why are all the names listed in latin?
Latin names are used first because they are universally accepted with common names following in parenthesis.
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